黄土高原半干旱地区土地利用变化对土壤养分、酶活性的影响研究

对黄土高原半干旱地区土地利用变化进行了土壤养分、酶活性及相关性研究。结果表明，过氧化氢酶活性可表征人工草地苜蓿地的速效磷、速效钾，撂荒地的有机质、全氮和碱解氮的正向转化状况，及沙棘林土壤速效磷负向转化进程，但不能用过氧化氢酶活性表征精细耕作的土壤肥力状况。多酚氧化酶活性可表征农田土壤有机质、全氮正向转化进程及菜园土和果园土有机质、全氮负向转化进程，不能表征自然土壤腐殖质转化状况。转化酶活性可表征农田、菜园土、果园、苜蓿地和撂荒地的碱解氮正向转化进程以及沙棘林碱解氮的负向转化进程，可全面表征撂荒地的速效磷负向转化进程及其它养分的正向转化进程。脲酶活性可表征果园地、菜园土的全氮、碱解氮和有机质的肥力水平。磷酸酶活性可表征果园土、农田和撂荒地的速效磷正向转化状况，不能表征其它土地利用类型的磷素转化状况。     

屋顶绿化制约因素分析及营建对策

通过对屋顶绿化发展现状的介绍,从社会公众的认识观念、建筑屋顶构造状况及施工环境、使用材料到行业政策、技术规范、绿化形式、投资渠道等多方面分析了制约因素,并依此提出了有针对性地开展屋顶现状普查、制订行业法规和技术规范、加强领导、开展科研技术攻关及植物材料的选育和政府主导、财政和企事业单位及开发商等多元投资方式的营建对策.     

艳山姜切花花蕾脱落的控制

对艳山姜(Alpinia zerumbet)切花最佳采收时期和控制其花蕾脱落的保鲜液及预处理方法进行了研究.结果表明,艳山姜切花在花枝发育良好而花序总苞片未脱落时采收最佳;硫代硫酸银(STS)和Al2(SO4)3可有效控制艳山姜花蕾的脱落,是其较理想的瓶插保鲜剂;200 mg/L 8-HQC 5%SUC 5 mg/L 6-BA预处液同时结合10℃预冷处理4 h可有效降低艳山姜切花花蕾的脱落率.     

山区高油玉米高产优质栽培模式研究

为探索在黔西北山区种植高油玉米高产优质的栽培模式,促进山区种植业结构调整,采用多元二次正交回归旋转组合设计,研究了高油玉米产量、产油量与4个主要栽培因子——种植密度及N、P、K肥施用量之间的关系,建立了数学模型,解析了各因素对产量、产油量的效应,通过计算机模拟寻优,筛选出了黔西北山区高油玉米高产优质的农艺综合方案:密度62463~63710株/hm2;N肥(纯N)321.79~359.04kg/hm2;P肥(P2O5)319.94~345.32kg/hm2;K肥(K2O)293.64~333.30kg/hm2。     

Three different levels of dietary vitamin D3 fed to first-feeding fry of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): effect on growth, mortality, calcium content and bone formation

Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) fry were reared on a fishmeal-based diet with three different levels of vitamin D₃ (0.2, 5 and 57 mg vitamin D₃ kg^–1 feed, ww) from first-feeding for 14 weeks. No significant differences were recorded in weight, length, specific growth rate, mortality, or kidney calcium concentration between the different dietary groups. No skeletal malformations or histopathological changes were recorded in any of the dietary groups. These results suggest Atlantic salmon fry to be highly tolerant of megadoses of vitamin D₃ over a limited period of time.     

Blood chemistry and organ nutrient composition in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fed graded amounts of wheat starch

After feeding Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., five graded amounts of wheat starch from 0 to 310 g kg^?1, low but increased levels of glycogen in kidney, heart and gills were determined. No variations were found in proximate or glycogen compositions of muscle, whereas the liver composition reflected the diet composition. Whole-body homogenates varied in dry matter and lipid levels; the variation was according to g lipid eaten per fish. Plasma glucose levels ranged above average levels only when the starch level in the feed was higher than 220 g kg^?1. Although feed intake and thereby lipid intake increased as dietary carbohydrate increased in the present experiment, no differences in plasma concentrations of cholesterol and only small changes in triglycerides were determined. The increase in dietary carbohydrate was balanced with protein, and total plasma protein concentrations followed the decrease in feed protein content. Haematocrit, haemoglobin, mean cell volume and mean cell haemoglobin all showed significantly reduced levels as dietary starch increased, indicating a fibre effect from ‘left-over’ starch in the intestine followed by reduced absorption of divalent ions, such as iron.     

水稻剑叶净光合速率与叶绿素含量的研究初报

对59个水稻品种剑叶净光合速率及其叶绿素含量进行测定和相关分析后发现，叶绿素各组分及叶绿素a/b比值均存在显的品种间差异。叶绿素a含量决定总叶绿素含量水平，叶绿素b的含量主导叶绿素a/b比值的变化。总叶绿素含量、叶绿素a含量与剑叶净光合速率显正相关，叶绿素b含量与剑叶净光合速率的正相关关系接近显水平。叶绿素a/b与剑叶净光合速率无直接相关关系，但在品种间叶绿素含量由少增多的过程中，叶绿素含理状况对光合作用的促进作用由总量的增加转向叶绿素a/b比值的降低，同时发现，在高光强、低叶绿素含量范围内，仍然存在光合作用的最适叶绿素含量值。     

Virtual Sound Intensity Analyzer

The Virtual Sound Intensity Analyzer is a new instrument which has more advantages than the traditional Sound Analyzer. This Analyzer is based on fast Fourie transformation and virtual instrument technique.As an application, combining software and hardware, all kinds of weight noise sound level measurement and real-time noise octave analyzes realized synchronously. The design method has been introduced from three ways, which includes hardware, software and panel. An applied example and error analyze of Virtual Sound Intensity Analyzer are given.This Analyzer is low cost, small volume. and it is also easy to operate. It can be widely used in actual applications.     

叶面喷施稀土对麻楝幼苗抗寒的影响

以麻楝袋装实生苗为材料,叶面喷洒稀土后放入人工气候箱进行低温处理,测定其生理指标,并用主成分分析比较不同浓度稀土对幼苗抗寒性的综合影响.结果表明,0～300 mg·L-1稀土处理的幼苗相对电导率和脯氨酸含量波动,可溶性蛋白质含量多为下降,叶绿素含量保持稳定,SOD活性和MDA含量多保持稳定.500～1000mg·L-1稀土处理的幼苗相对电导率下降,脯氨酸含量小幅增加,可溶性蛋白质含量保持稳定或小幅下降,叶绿素含量普遍小幅增加,SOD活性多保持稳定,MDA含量减少或保持稳定,表明高浓度稀土处理有效提高了苗木的抗寒能力.用主成分分析对各浓度稀土处理的幼苗抗寒性进行评价,得出处理幼苗的稀土浓度对幼苗抗寒排序为1500mg·L-1＞1 000 mg·L-1＞700 mg·L-1＞500 mg·L-1＞300 mg·L-1＞ 100 mg·L-1＞50 mg·L-1＞0 mg·L-1.     

In vitro hydroxylation of vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 in tissues of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus, Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus and Atlantic cod Gadus morhua

The in vitro metabolism of ¹⁴CD₃ and ³H25OHD₃ was investigated in different tissues from Atlantic salmon Salmo salar , Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus , Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus and Atlantic cod Gadus morhua . The tissues analysed were liver, kidney, head kidney, gills, spleen and intestine. The metabolites were extracted in methanol–chloroform and separated by normal-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) followed by scintillation counting. Identification of the metabolites was by comigration with standards on normal and reversed-phase HPLC systems and by protein-binding assays. All tissues from all species analysed produced hydroxylated derivatives identified as 25OHD₃, 24,25(OH)₂D₃ and 1,25(OH)₂D₃. In addition, some unidentified derivatives were recorded, one probably being 25,26(OH)₂D₃. Organs producing great amounts of one metabolite also produced considerable amounts of the other possible derivatives, suggesting a lower degree of specificity in fish organs than in human organs. The predominating metabolite was 24,25(OH)₂D₃ in all organs from salmon and mackerel during incubation with ¹⁴CD₃ and within most organs from all species during ³H25OHD₃ incubation. The latter observation probably results from the need for decreasing rather than increasing the calcium absorption in these species, which live at least some periods of life in a marine environment.